Actually it goes to intent. If your intention is to use their trademark or name to steal business from them, or trade upon their good will, which is EXACTLY what is happening when you use deceptive tactics to infringe their name to get results that you couldn't have gotten on your own, then it is very actionable.
By using your example, DJB is intentionally trespassing or infringing upon DJA's trademark for the purpose of taking business opportunity from them that they have lawfully earned by their good name, & their marketing efforts. You did say the consumer searched for DJ A right? Then DJB is taking unlawful advantage of DJA's marketing efforts by directly infringing upon DJA's trademarks. That is unlawful.
This isn't some DJ's ideas on the matter, this comes from a trademark attorney that files & wins infringement actions every day.
Only one of many examples readily available online, but will suffice:
http://wolffsamson.client.tagonline.com/news/articles/publish/article_62.shtml
States that though intent DOES play a role in determining trademark infringement, it is not an intent to "steal business" from them that will be considered, but an intent to
*ADOPT* (think about that word and keep it in mind) a trademark for the purposes of promoting confusion (which the use of a competitors name as a keyword does not) and/or appropriating their good will.
Key here is that
infringement occurs when a trademark is "ADOPTED" with said intent.
Trademark infringement occurs when one "ADOPTS" the trademark of another, ie takes it as their own to represent ones' self and to confuse or misrepresent the source of goods or services.
The dj using a competitors name to drive search exposure is not "adopting" the trademark to represent (or MISREPRESENT) him or his services, so intent, as it is shown to play a role in this article and other legal sources online, does not play into the scenario we are discussing.
As the "ADOPTION" of a trademark is not occurring, no infringement is made.
Find a lawyer that can turn someone using a trademark as a keyword into them
"ADOPTING" it (i.e. using it to represent themselves). Then and only then will you have found a lawyer worth keeping on retainer!
To prove that someone infringed on your copyright, one of the things you have to prove is the "likelihood of confusion."
(3) that the defendant's use of the mark
to identify goods or services is likely to create confusion concerning the origin of the goods or services.
The dj using another dj's name as a keyword for search results is not
IDENTIFYING himself or his services with that name. Hence, no trademark violation on those grounds.
Trademark infringement isn't "just" about "using another person's name" to "steal" business away from them. It's about stealing business away from them in a very specific way, i.e. by using their name with an INTENT confuse potential clients, and to MISREPRESENT yourself and or your goods and services as theirs.
Might the dj using keywords "steal" a customer that was potentially "the other guys?" Sure. But is he doing it by using that guys name with an intent to CAUSE CONFUSION or MISREPRESENT HIMSELF and his service?
http://www.bitlaw.com/trademark/infringe.html is also a good summary of what defines "trademark infringement" and how one would go about determining and proving it.
"Infringement criteria :
The elements for a successful trademark infringement claim have been well established under both federal and state case law. In a nutshell, a plaintiff in a trademark case has the burden of proving that the defendant's use of a mark has created a likelihood-of-confusion about the origin of the defendant's goods or services. To do this, the plaintiff should first show that it has developed a protectable trademark right in a trademark. The plaintiff then must show that the defendant is using a confusingly similar mark in such a way that it creates a likelihood of confusion, mistake and/or deception with the consuming public. The confusion created can be that the defendant's products are the same as that of the plaintiff, or that the defendant is somehow associated, affiliated, connected, approved, authorized or sponsored by plaintiff."
The "adoption" or "appropriation" of the trademark for the purposes of confusion or misrepresentation are absolutely key for determining infringement, and in our scenario here, those key elements just aren't there!
